Abstract (eng)
Lectin-like NK cell receptors are expressed on NK cells and a fraction of T lymphocytes and are involved in providing protection against invading pathogens and cancer. Among these, the heterodimeric NKG2/CD94 receptors, comprising activating and inhibitory family members, recognize the “self” marker HLA-E and have been implicated as receptors of major importance.
The goal of the first part of this work was to investigate the distribution of the CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C receptors within peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to define subpopulations of NK and T lymphocytes expressing these receptors. Flow cytometry analysis displayed subpopulations of variable sizes between different individuals. Usually expression of the inhibitory CD94/NKG2A defined the largest NK subpopulation, whereas NK cells with the activating CD94/NKG2C constituted a smaller subpopulation. Cells with expression of both receptors were also found at very low percentage. The receptors were further detected on T lymphocytes with similar distribution of NKG2A and NKG2C subpopulations. In the next part, we asked the question wether the NKG2 isoforms would provide different functions to the subpopulations. The expansion of these subpopulations in co-cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with an HLA class Ia-negative, but HLA-E transfected cell line, was investigated as well as the degranulation upon target cell encounter as measured by CD107a surface expression. In co-culture with the HLA-E cells, the NKG2C+ subset displayed preferential expansion as compared to NKG2A+ cells. Major functional differences of NKG2A and NKG2C subpopulations were in freshly isolated cells an inhibition of degranulation of the NKG2A cells by HLA-E, whereas after co-culture the NKG2C cells acquired increased killing capacity for the HLA-E cells suggesting that the self-ligand HLA-E can function as triggering ligand after preactivation of the cells. Finally, the tools to investigate cellular expansion in the context of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections of fibroblasts and endothelial cells were prepared and initially tested as NKG2 receptors have been implicated in CMV immunosurveillance. Corresponding amplifications of NK and T cell subpopulations with NKG2 receptors were observed, however were to a large degree dependent on the individual donors.
In summary, this work has defined subpopulations of NK as well as T cells by expression of NKG2 receptors for which differences in function could be shown in the context of cells with expression of the cognate ligand HLA-E and CMV infection.