Abstract (eng)
In support of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) an International Monitoring System (IMS) is being established that will be used to detect and locate clandestine nuclear explosions once the treaty has come into force. Besides seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound techniques the verification regime will employ monitoring of radioactive particulates and noble gases.
Noble gases are of especial importance to identify underground nuclear explosions, since they are most difficult to prevent from migrating into the atmosphere for a treaty violator. The radioxenon isotopes Xe-131m, Xe-133m, Xe-133 and Xe-135 are sufficiently produced in fission and were proven to fulfill the demands of the IMS. Therefore, they have been classified as CTBT-relevant and selected for continuous monitoring. Recently, studies have been published regarding releases of radioxenons from radiopharmaceutical facilities and nuclear power plants. The radioxenon releases from research reactors, however, have not been studied yet.
This work presents a first quantification of releases of the four CTBT-relevant radioxenon isotopes from a TRIGA research reactor. For this purpose a portable field sampler of the Swedish Automatic Unit for Noble gas Acquisition (SAUNA) was shipped to the Atominstitut of Vienna and assembled on the reactor platform of the TRIGA Mark II reactor. Air samples were taken above the reactor pool and from irradiation tubes containing air and shipped to the lab of the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI) for analysis using beta-gamma coincidence techniques. Furthermore, radioxenon releases of irradiated highly enriched uranium (93% HEU) were studied separately.
The four CTBT-relevant xenon isotopes Xe-131m, Xe-133m, Xe-133 and Xe-135 have been detected with activity concentrations between 0.01 to 1.6*10^4 Bq/m^3. Furthermore Xe-125, formed by neutron capture of Xe-124 in air, was determined to be present in several samples. Its ratio compared to the above mentioned radioxenon isotopes was conform to numerical predictions.