Abstract (eng)
Quantum mechanics and its phenomena, like entanglement or nonlocality, are still not fully understood. The aim of this work is to give an introduction to the notion of entanglement. Entanglement detection criteria like the PPT criterion are introduced, as well as entanglement measures, such as the Entanglement of Formation and related measures. Also, Bell inequalities are investigated and a useful criterion to detect nonlocal states with respect to the CHSH criterion, at least for two qubit states, is introduced.
Another aspect of this work is the transformation of states under LOCC- and global unitary operations. Examples, like the GHZ-, Werner-, and Gisin states are studied and the change of entanglement and nonlocality due to this operations is discussed.
Another main focus of this work is to investigate the possibility to visualize quantum states in order to get a better understanding of their behaviour. This is done for pure two qubit states, by using their connection to the complex projective space. Thus a full visualization of these states is possible. For the case of mixed two qubit states, a restriction to subclasses of states is necessary to reduce the number of dimensions. A superposition of Bell states reduces the number of degrees of freedom to three and is therefor visualizable. But also states with more degrees of freedom can be drawn, using a method introduced in this work, by transforming the region of physically realizable states.