Abstract (eng)
In colonial societies, the original culture and the colonized are systematically depreciated. Often, the colonized end up having to deal with the inequality created by the perpetuation of the myth of their supposed innate “deficiencies”. Two great theorists of the decolonization, Frantz Fanon and Albert Memmi, have shown how the colonized internalize a certain feeling of inferiority and, as a result, finally refuse their own culture and their language. The latter becomes a very important instrument of power in the hierarchical relationship between colonizer and colonized. Language enables one to take possession of the world expressed by it. The colonized, however, is put in the position where he has to use the colonist´s language in order to assert himself and to be valued. However, even if the colonized obtains perfect mastery of the language, the colonist will still refuse to recognize him as an equal.
This paper is primarily concerned with the complicated issue of language in colonial power relations. In particular, the main focus is on showing how the language of the colonizer and the colonized are staged in the biographies of Albert Memmi, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. The authors belong to different generations and come from different countries which have had different colonial pasts and therefore different linguistic backgrounds: Tunisia was a protectorate during the 80 years of French rule and Martinique has been populated with slaves deported from Africa; it is still considered to be a colony today. But despite these differences, the authors portray similar experiences and describe a similar process of alienation, which can best be shown by an analysis of the rejection of their original languages.