Abstract (eng)
Within the SNOW project that is based at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, a new technique of producing manmade snow has been examined under laboratory conditions. In contrast to conventional techniques that produce mainly frozen droplets, here it was the goal to simulate the process of snow formation in the atmosphere via an artificial cloud.
The research for this thesis has been conducted within the project, whereupon the focus was on finding out about the dependence of the snow crystal properties on the cloud temperature, the water supply and the realisation of the latter.
The common assumption concerning the water supply of the growing crystals was that in the cloud that is produced by water atomisers, given the high density of the fog and the droplet size, the air surrounding the nuclei and the droplets would be saturated with respect to a flat water surface, and that thermodynamical equilibrium would be reached within a time that is negligible compared to the residence time of a growing snow crystal in the cloud. Therefore, a certain cloud temperature would always lead to a certain water vapour pressure and hence a certain supersaturation with respect to ice, and the crystal would grow out of the water vapour transferred from the liquid drops (BERGERON- FINDEISEN - process).
In order to validate that assumption, the goal of the work in hand was to reach higher water vapour pressures at given temperature than the saturation pressure with respect to flat water and compare the resulting snow crystals with the ones grown in a cloud at the same temperature but consisting of drops. Therefore, the air stream entering the Cloud Chamber was loaded with vapour by letting it flow tangentially over a flat water surface. After entering the Cloud Chamber, the moist air cooled down to almost ambient temperature and assuming the air in the Cold Lab does not provide too many condensation nuclei, the water would stay in the gas phase, resulting in higher vapour pressures than at the experiments conducted with the atomisers.
Through a number of experiments at varying temperature and droplet density, the dependence of the evolving primary crystal habit on the cloud temperature could be clearly confirmed, and it could as well be shown that the water drop density of the cloud does not have distinct influence on the crystal shape. There is some evidence that under the given circumstances the snow crystals do grow at vapour pressures between ice saturation and water saturation mainly, whereby the crystals experience varying saturations in the course of its growth.