Abstract (eng)
Plakosyllis brevipes belongs to the Syllidae, one of the most diverse families of polychaetes, comprising over 70 genera and 700 species. Syllids are widely distributed and show either a benthic or interstitial mode of life. P. brevipes is a representative of the "meiofauna", a group of organisms that inhabit the spaces between sand grains. This challenging habitat requires numerous adaptions, e.g. miniturisation, flexibility, a worm-shaped body, adhesion organs and specialized reproductive modes. P. brevipes reproduces by Stolonisation. Due to the small body size, the amount of produced gametes is limited and because of the very restricted pelagic phase of reproductive stages, the dispersal potential of this species is quite low. Even so it is found along the coastline of several countries and occurs for example in the Mediterranean Sea or the Atlantic Ocean.
The aim of this study is to test whether two geographically widely separated populations of P. brevipes are conspecific or form cryptic species. To investigate this specimens were collected in the Mediterranean Sea, at the coasts of Croatia and Italy separated by 2500 km of coastline. The mitochondrial CO1 and the nuclear ITS markers were investigated. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, Maximum Parsimony, AMOVA and Coalescence analyses were used to phylogeographically analyse the P. brevipes populations. Uncorrected p-distances were used to identify the genetic distance between these two populations and other syllids.
All analyses lead to the assumption that the populations are most likely conspecific, which is supported by low genetic distances between the populations. Genealogical analysis showed two well separated clades, each containing a dominant haplo-lineage and a single haplotype from the other population. Possible causes for this overlap are the different inheritance pattern of genes, gene flow during the last glacial maximum and passive drift. However, there is a high variation among these geographically widely separated populations and the low genetic differentiation within them. Coalescence analyses calculated the point of separation 2.9 myr ago, after the Messinian salinity crisis.