Abstract (eng)
Altitude training has been an effective method to improve endurance capacity for several years. Next to its application in endurance sports, the use of hypoxia in resistance training becomes more and more important. Apart from professional sports, reduced oxygen content further seems to be an effective tool in health sports and for therapeutic purposes.
The underlying aim of this Master thesis is to present actual fields of application in the use of hypoxia in health and professional sports. More precise, it should be clarified whicht method in endurance sports ist the most effective. Further, the thesis wants to adress the effects of local and systemic hypoxia in resistance exercise training. Moreover, the effectiveness of soujourns to altitude in team sports were part of interest. Finally, the aim of this thesis ist to discover the effects of reduced oxygen content for people with different kind of diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrom, obesity, and cardiorespiratory diseases.
The literature research shows that that the Live High-Train Low (LHTL) protocol, which is comparable with an intermittent hypoxic training over a long duration, appears to be the most potent method in endurance sports. Furthermore, the combination of LHTL and High (LHTLH) seems to be an efficient method to improve endurance capacity. Concerning resistance training, local as well as systemic hypoxia has positive effects to enhance muscle hypertrophy. In teamsports, gainful effects can be observed. However, discussion remains whether altitude training in teamsports is essential to improve performance. For people with different kind of diseases, promising results have been shown when using hypoxia, however, further studies are required to integrate hypoxia as a therapeutic tool.