Abstract (eng)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade astrocytoma and accounts for 45-55% of all malignant gliomas in adults. GBM represents the most aggressive primary brain tumor and survival rates are very low with a median overall survival of 14 months under treatment and a 5-year survival of only 5.5%. A heterogenous cell population, high vascularization and pseudopalisading necrosis are the main histopathological characteristics typifying GBM tumor tissue. Molecular features such as isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH 1/2) mutations, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification are parameters used in for the diagnosis of GBM. Despite intensive research, GBM-specific biomarkers -to develop targeted therapies- are still not identified and therefore GBM remains complicated to treat. Previous studies performed in our group revealed the influence of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) on GBM proliferation and tumor growth in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to dissect the role of both FGF receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (FGFR4) Arg388 and Gly388 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants on GBM growth aggressiveness, 3D-neurosphere formation and migration. To do so, we transfected two FGFR4 low expressing GBM cell lines, the primary GBM cell line U251MG and the GBM primo-culture HU-MI, to ectopically over-express both FGFR4 Arg388 and Gly388 SNP variants. All cell models were analyzed on their colony forming capacity, 3D-neurosphere growth and migratory potential in relation to GFP transfected controls. Upon transfection with both FGFR4 Arg388 and Gly388 constructs, distinct pro-migratory effects were visible in U251MG cells in contrast to HU-MI transfected cells. Additionally, colony formation and 3D-growth were significantly enhanced in U251MG FGFR4 Arg388 and Gly388 cell models and HU-MI FGFR4 Arg388. Introduction of FGFR4 Gly388 into the HU-MI cell model was not efficient enough to obtain results strongly differing from the parental cell line. Summarizing, ectopic expression of FGFR4 Arg388 or Gly388 in U251MG resulted in enhanced migration, 3D-growth and clone formation. To analyze the role of FGFR4 in these processes into more detail, further biological and molecular analyses with focus on migratory markers are of high interest. Additionally, altered tumorigenicity of the U251MG FGFR4 transfected sublines requires examination in in vivo xenograft models. In conclusion, these data suggest a prominent role of FGFR4 in GBM migratory and proliferative characteristics as well as 3D-neurosphere formation and clonogenicity.