Abstract (eng)
Water-mediated soil erosion affects arable land all over the world. Agricultural production facilitates on-site effects of soil erosion, such as soil degradation, as well as off-site effects as, for instance, sediment-mediated fertilizer and pollutant transport into freshwater ecosystems. The conservation area of the Thayatal National Park in Lower Austria is negatively impacted by these aspects of sediment connectivity due to hillslope to channel sediment transfers within the Fugnitz watershed, the main tributary system of the Thaya River. The objective of this Master’s thesis is to enhance the understanding of soil erosion processes in this medium-sized agricultural watershed. Embedded in the FugnitzSED project, the present thesis aims at investigating potential source areas for high amounts of sediment yield and at testing a process-based erosion model (WEPP/GEOWEPP) for challenges in the context of environmental management.
Methods applied include erosion modeling on catchment- and on subcatchment-scale. On catchment level, areas with potentially high amounts of sediment yield are simulated while modeling of small scale (2 – 8 ha) target areas is conducted to simulate on-site processes and to test flow path delineation. Subsequent field investigations seek to provide information on the validation of catchment wide modeling, the comparison of observed erosion rills with modeled flow paths and local erosion processes. In order to provide management options, different land use scenarios are simulated and mitigation strategies are discussed.
Hotspot modeling of high amounts of sediment yield show increased rates across the whole catchment area. Comparison of model results and information obtained via field surveys indicate broad agreement. Nevertheless, model validation lacks comparison with actual sediment yield rates, therefore, future research ought to quantify soil erosion in the Fugnitz catchment. The analysis of flow-path-delineation on smaller scale target areas (B and C) indicates that micro-topographic features (e.g. plough lines, field boundaries) are not captured by the model, revealing its weaknesses (location/direction of flow paths, location of deposition areas). Simulation of different management scenarios indicates a considerable influence of crop rotation on predicted erosion rates and highlights the importance of reasoned management strategies. Based on literature research and WEPP/GEOWEPP results,
different mitigation strategies for the Fugnitz catchment are developed. As a result possible actions and localization of potential target zones constitute a starting point for future management discussions.
The present thesis leads to an improved comprehension of soil erosion processes within the Fugnitz catchment and facilitates the development of different mitigation strategies based on the obtained results.