Abstract (eng)
In comparison to polythermal glaciers, little research has been conducted on the occurrence of proglacial icings adjacent to cold-based glaciers, wherefore considerable knowledge gaps exist regarding the origin of water forming these extrusive ice bodies, its flow pathways and residence time. This study examines the proglacial icing of the Rieperbreen glacier in Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard, and assesses the contribution of possible water sources, such as sub-glacially stored summer meltwater, water from a kettle lake, long residence sub-permafrost groundwater and surficially routed snowmelt and rain, in the formation of the ice body. The aim is to establish the source of water feeding icings next to cold-based glaciers. The provenance of the water and its routing is investigated through the analysis of natural tracers (major ions and stable water isotope ratios δ2H and δ18O) of ice core and water samples and artificial (dye) tracer investigations of the present glacier drainage system. These methods are complemented by geophysical surveys of the icing with a high frequency ground-penetrating radar. Hydrochemical results strongly suggest snowmelt, from an unleached snowpack generated during winter warm spells, as the main source of water. Before surfacing about 1 km from the current glacier terminus and forming the up to 2 m thick icing, the meltwater is routed sub-surficially through a slow, pressurized and anoxic channel, characterised by restricted access to the atmosphere and high rock-water contact. The findings of this study challenge the most common theory of icing formation next to cold-based glaciers through slow winter discharge of sub-glacially stored summer meltwater by proposing another provenance and flow path configuration.