Abstract (eng)
This Master’s thesis examines to what extent the notion of pluricentricity is applicable to the
Chinese language. There is little consensus in the literature about how to deal with Chinese
pluricentricity. The concept of pluricentricity is either not applied to Chinese as a whole (but
only to Mandarin), or entire new categories and conceptualizations are developed that
describe only the phenomenon of Chinese pluricentricity, making it difficult to compare
Chinese with other pluricentric languages. Additionally, the definition of Chinese itself is highly
controversial, some arguing to perceive of the seven major varieties (方言, Fāngyán) as
dialects, others advocating for dealing with Fāngyán as independent languages.
Therefore, this Master’s thesis is devoted to the definition of language and the concept of
standard language, before Chinese is scrutinized through a pluricentric lens. This Master’s
thesis assumes that Fāngyán can cover the whole spectrum between dialect and standard, yet
it does not perceive of them as independent languages, since this would not align with the
language attitudes of Chinese speakers. On the basis of this assumption, this Master’s thesis
could identify at least three Fāngyán that have several standard varieties: Mandarin (with its
centers in Mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong), Cantonese (in Hong Kong and
Guangdong), and Hokkien (in Fujian, Taiwan, and Singapore). Furthermore, Mandarin cannot
only be classified as pluricentric in regard to the differences it reveals in the different centers,
its scripts – simplified (Mainland China) and traditional (Taiwan) – and phonetization systems
– Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (Mainland China) and Zhùyīn Fúhào and Wade-Giles (Taiwan) – can also be
perceived as pluricentric.