Abstract (eng)
This thesis is dedicated to the description and testing of two different calorimeter types: Prototype 1, a large-area detector with liquid scintillator EJ-309 (based on xylene) on the one hand, and Prototype 2, a more compact detector with plastic scintillators on the other. Their purpose is to detect the energy deposition of charged and neutral particles propagating through the setup. In this process, the energy deposited at a time, t, is first converted into scintillation light and later into a characteristic electrical signal with well-defined amplitude. Prototype 2 allows, in addition to energy measurement, the determination of the trajectory of individual particles with a resolution of 16 x 16 mm2 (given by the pixel size). While Prototype 1 will be used to study kaonic clusters and kaon scattering experiments at J-PARC [12], Prototype 2 will serve the detection of Pontecorvo annihilations (annihilation processes with more than 1 interacting nucleon). Specifically, the rate of p¯3N Pontecorvo annihilation: p¯ 3He → np will be determined and compared with the ’rescattering’ approach from the particle model or, at the quark level, with the Fireball model (quark annihilation and quark rearrangement as approaches). Thereby, the Fireball model predicts a rate of ≈ 10−6 and the Rescattering approach predicts a rate of ≈ 10−8 −10−7. [9] Detector tests performed with Prototype 1 include among others the recording of cosmic ray amplitude spectra, delay measurements between different signals as well as tests concerning detector efficiency and position dependence. For Prototype 2, on the other hand, the amplitude spectrum and the Time-Over-Threshold spectrum for cosmics were determined. These measurements are preceded by preparatory measurements with plastic scintillators (e.g. efficiency measurements, energy calibrations, voltage characteristic measurements).