Abstract (eng)
Homosexuality is 'un-African', a 'Western' import and the continuance of imperialism. It is an immoral behaviour, an act against God's creation. Same-sexual identities furthermore are 'threatening' the ideal image of 'African men', patriarchy and heteronormative social structures. Homosexuality is caused by chromosomal 'dysfunctions' that make them oppose the biologically determined obligation of reproduction. They are mentally 'sick', 'confused' or 'possessed' by bad spirits. And finally, homosexuality is a wrong 'lifestyle' caused by a lack of educational control or even 'wrong' education. As it could 'influence' other people, in particular the young, 'African' generation, to take on such a 'scandalous habit', it must be prohibited.
This is a sample of popular arguments against same-sexual desires in modern South Africa – a country which has one of the most progressive and liberal constitutions in the world. South Africa looks back on an intense period of evangelisation, colonial struggles and a violent regime of strict racial segregation. Since the implementation of the new Post-Apartheid Constitution, discrimination not only on the grounds of race, gender, sex, ethnic origin and other social markers, but also on the grounds of sexual orientation is prohibited.
However, in many cases the legal protection of diverse genders and sexual identities does not correspond to the realities of LGBTIQ-people. They still experience a lot of stigmatisation. Physical and psychological violence often is justified by referring to the arguments cited above.
For these reasons, my work aims to conduct a critical investigation on arguments against same-sexual desires in South Africa. What ideas, ideologies and concepts are the basis of such arguments? How are they related to each other and in what way are they used to stigmatize people who openly express their same-sexual identity? How does the production of heterosexual norms work within this frame? To what extent are those norms connected to power? In what way contribute ostensibly more tolerant and modern 'Western' countries to the non-acceptance of homosexual behaviour in South Africa? And finally: Why exactly is it the figure of 'the homosexual' which plays such a crucial role within South Africa's Post-Apartheid discourse.
Guided by these questions, this thesis contributes to the scientific research on same-sexualities in Africa. It is based on the analysis of qualitative interviews mainly conducted during a one-month field-trip in South Africa. The analysis is based on current, scientific debates.