The ie.WorkingPaper series presents research carried out at or in partnership with the Department of Development Studies at the University of Vienna. The Department understands development research as a transdisciplinary field of knowledge that includes a wide range of epistemological, theoretical, and methodological approaches and perspectives. These approaches and perspectives should be compatible with and contribute to decolonial and emancipatory production of knowledge. Although there are a wide range of thematic and regional focuses, our research shares two commonalities: the centrality of researching processes and mechanisms that contribute to the production and reproduction of social inequality on the global, regional, and local level and a relational understanding of social, political, and economic transformations.