Abstract (eng)
The discussion to establish medical services on school level started in Europe at about the middle of the nineteenth century and reinforced towards the last third of it. This had been preceded by the question if the government had to take care of possible diseases due to related to school and its obligatory attendance.
The debate about health system, doctors in schools was held in various ways and controversially in educational, medical, technical, political and military boards. Various national and international congress events and meetings in the fields of education, school hygiene und medicine served as scientific discussion boards and catalysts for topics related to school, and also to hygienical and health issues. These meetings, organized by non-governmental societies, built a forum for people involved in school hygiene. Some time later this discussion followed the debate about hygienical standards for the people. The arguments of those promoting the regulation at hygienical standards also helped the protagonists of the schooling system. During this period the medical education split into separate disciplines, – specialization was a raising issue in medical science -, and in the Monarchy of Habsburg a surplus in medical graduates, the request for more healthy soldiers and governmental, financial constraints grew. Due to unequal development of economic, financial, medical infrastructures and educational facilities in various countries the introduction of medical professionals working in schools grew at different paces and various pieces of legislation issued by the ministries only served as legal orientation. As a result, the unified study ad historical analysis of the subject related to the “introduction of medical professionals in the school