Abstract (eng)
The submitted study gives answers to the question, how and why catholic intellectuals, considering they were "German-national"-minded, followed and supported National Socialism. Their youth in the hostile dissension between the Roman-Catholic Church and the Austrian fascist government on the one hand and National Socialism on the other hand up to the 'Anschluss' of 1938, is described. Anton Boehm and Theodor Veiter, well known publicists in the time of lingering National Socialism, had reasonable influence as leaders of young catholic groups and various university-leagues. As young students they were impressed with Roman-Catholic fundamental principles of authority, strict hierarchy and anti-Semitism, which were combined with a metaphysical "Reich-" and "Führer-"articulation. The German Youth Movement gave an additional push. These spheres of influence together with a "voelkische" ideology and a mental aversion to Liberalism, Socialism and Bolshewism, led the young Austrian 'intelligentia' into the NS-movement, since the Nazis promised a total change for the future. The strong national tendency towards the German "Reich", relations with leading NS personalities and groups, their official careers as well as the illegal actions of Boehm and Veiter until the annexation are shown. They joined the NS-Party as illegal members in 1933, respectively 1934. Especially Boehm, as a legal member of the NSDAP after 1938, considered himself a bridge function ("Brueckenbauer") in finding a modus vivendi between church and NS. Employed at the German Foreign Office from 1942 to 1945, he was responsible for German activities in the Balkans and acted as the connecting link to the "Southeast Europe Society" (SOEG). He had close connections to high ranking SD (NS-Intelligence Service) and SS personalities. His later claim, having been a member of the "Kreisauer Kreis" resistance group, could not be verified. After the end of World War II, Boehm was captured by the US army and arrested in a war crimes enclosure camp. From 1940 to 1945 Veiter had a job as manager of the legal department and as consulting lawyer for the NS-management in the "Wiener Lokomotivfabrik and Rax Werk". Both companies were affiliates of the German Oscar Henschel munition factories group. Veiter became part of a Viennese resistance group, "ASTRA", but an effective engagement for the resistance, which he also claimed for himself after the end of the "Third Reich", cannot be confirmed. With the beginning of the Second Austrian Republic, Boehm and Veiter tried to re-integrate into society and business with little success. It became evident that they, till the end of their lives - did not renounce their "German national" mind and continued to stick to their "anti-left-wing" position. Anton Boehm finally became chief editor of the extremely conservative periodical "Rheinischer Merkur" in Germany. Theodor Veiter was able to achieve reasonable positions in the FUEV, Federal Union for European Volksgruppen (national minorities), and became an international scientist for minority problems. As chief-editor of "Europa Ethnica", the journal of FUEV, he kept an unchanged political right-wing - "voelkische" -position. Both, Boehm and Veiter, did not want to commit their failures in the past and withdrew from every confrontation with it. In no way they felt guilty, so they did not see any reason for justifications.