Abstract (eng)
Qualitative and quantitative differential diagnosis of individuals with impaired mineralisation exemplified by late antique, modern, and contemporary human skeletal remains (using the radiological, histological, and histomorphometric spectrum of applications) Until now, analyses concerned with disturbed mineralisation of bony tissue were mostly restricted to radiological and light-microscopical techniques on decalcified thin-sections. The planned investigation aims to apply innovative examination methods on lumbar vertebral bodies, affected and non-affected by a known bone disease. This should enrich the existing spectrum of diagnoses of mineralisation insufficiencies in the human skeleton. The analyses will be carried out on individuals with pathologic-anatomically documented changes manifesting in form of rickets respectively osteomalacia. Both diseases develop due to impaired mineralisation processes; as a consequence the newly formed organic bone matrix mineralises insufficiently. In rickets of subadults, the resulting lack of calcification affects the growing skeleton; in osteomalacia of adults the changes occur on mechanical loaded skeletal regions. Both, inadequate stability due to deficient strength as well as reduced mechanical loading capacity, lead to characteristic alterations expressing in deformed bones. The 61 specimen of the sample, macerated, or partly dissected, or fluidly conserved, derive from the historical collection of skeletons of the Federal Pathologic-anatomical Museum in Vienna. Age-at-death, sex, and pathological data from all individuals are known. It is planned to subclassify the sample in age-groups comprising a 10-years-interval each. The distribution among males and females will be as equal as possible. Additionally, one late antique individual from the Department of Anthropology from the Natural History Museum Vienna and a recently deceased individual from the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Medical University of Vienna will be examined. Bone structure and mineralisation shall be analysed by so-called "non-invasive" and "invasive" methods. As "non-invasive" methods, conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) will be applied. Additionally, on a trial basis, quantitative CT and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry shall be carried out. Subsequently, a fraction of the convolute shall be scrutinised by "invasive" methods; for this, undecalcified stained thin-ground sections as well as cut-sections on selected specimen have to be prepared. Furthermore, the surface-stained thin-ground sections will be examined microradiographically. Afterwards, the preparations shall be carbon-sputtered for analysis in the "backscattered electron-mode" as well as in the "secondary electron-mode" in the scanning electron microscope. Finally, the established histomorphometric parameters are planned to be obtained from microradiographs, separately measured for the cranial, central, and caudal third of the vertebral body. The intention of this work is to evaluate the reliability of the applied techniques as well as to gain a comparative morphological assessment of trabecular structures in vertebral bodies in seemingly healthy as well as in rachitic/osteomalacic bones. These methods shall provide individual differential diagnoses on museally stored skeletal materials. The potential benefit of these techniques should be inspected in regard to clinical utilisation as well as the analysis of ancient populations, e. g., for archaeological human skeletal remains.