Abstract (eng)
At the beginning of the dissertation stands the question concerning the authorisation
of an Early Christian ritual like that of exorcism as well as that of Christian
demonism in our post-modern secularized society generally. The film example
The Exorcist (USA 1973) leads first to the issue and clearly unfolds the theological,
liturgical and socio-cultural relevance of exorcism. At the same time, the film
as a suitable medium for the presentation of reality, and its impact and place in the
life of the liturgical research-program “religious rituals in films” are critically analyzed.
Another part gives an overview of the biblical and Early-Christian genesis and
tradition of obsession and exorcism, primarily looking at it in the light of liturgy.
The nature of exorcism, the terminology, the ecclesiastical view based on the
statements of the New Testament as well as the different positions of the Church
Fathers with simultaneous consideration of Christian demonology, are thereby in
the centre of attention.
A third segment surveys Early-Christian liturgical source writings according
to their importance as text witnesses with exorcist relevance as well as their influence
on the first established exorcism rituals towards the end of the first millennium
AD. The Rituale Romanum of 1614 contains an exorcism form, Ritus exorcizandi
obsessos a daemonio, which was used in the Roman Church virtually unchanged
for the next almost four centuries. A detailed analysis examines the text
for contents, terminology and its relationship to the earlier sources. At the same
time the ritual is put to an exciting test in the questions whether its tradition is
worth preserving and whether it has become a traditionalism devoid of meaning.
The renewal of liturgy sought in the course of the Second Vatican Council
gave rise to the new exorcism ritual De Exorcismis et Supplicationibus Quibusdam
(1999/22004). Also this text is checked concerning its constancy towards its
predecessor on the one hand and the latest demands for alternative forms of liturgy
for liberation from evil on the other hand. The different criticism from a
theological as well as a human-scientific point of view reflects the present scientific
discourse around the phenomenon of exorcism in the Catholic Church.