Abstract (eng)
In this study, calibrated indicator organisms (diatoms) were used to infer summer epilimnetic water temperatures (SEWT) from a sediment core of Längsee (Carinthia) for the early part of the last glacial termination (approximately 19 to 13 cal kyrs BP). Three data sets were amalgamated to create a super-set of 116 alpine and pre-alpine lakes for the reconstruction of SEWT. The results from Längsee were put into a larger northern hemispheric scale by comparison with the oxygen isotope record from the Greenland ice core GRIP showing a good correlation. Three major climatic sections were found in Längsee: A warming period (Längsee oscillation, approximately 19 to 17 cal kyrs BP), which probably correlates with the warmer sub-zone GS-2b of the Greenland Stadial 2 (GS-2). A subsequent climate cooling (Längsee cold period) corresponding to the colder sub-zone GS-2a of GS-2, the cold event Heinrich 1 from the North Atlantic, and partially with the Gschnitz Stadial in the Alps. The following warming period (Längsee late glacial interstadial) between approximately 14.5 and 13 cal kyrs BP is consistent with the Greenland Interstadial 1 (GI-1). Three minor climate fluctuations were found during the Längsee late glacial interstadial. Only the one related to the Gerzensee fluctuation from Switzerland showed a decline in SEWT. Discrepancies between aquatic organisms and pollen in respect to climate are probably caused by different response times, sensitiveness and tolerance against temperature.
Chrysophyte cysts related to meso-eutrophic conditions, cysts related to oligotrophic conditions and/or cold water, and cysts showing no preferences were differentiated in the Längsee core by comparison of the cyst stratigraphy with diatom-inferred SEWT and total phosphorus. Intra-specific differentiation was exemplarily studied in cysts and diatoms to show its value for future fine adjustment of calibration.
A sediment core from Jeserzersee was used as a reference and validated the results from Längsee.
To address the temporal inhomogeneity of the amalgamated diatom super-set, the rate and dimension of climate driven shifts were exemplarily studied in one lake. Minor changes in water temperature, -chemistry and species composition were found.