Abstract (eng)
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. Epidemiological data suggest that an inverse association exists between coffee consumption and the incidence of diseases in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. However, experimental data from human intervention trials are scarce and partly controversial.
Aim of the present work was to investigate the impact of coffee consumption on DNA stability and on the redox status in humans. Therefore, intervention studies were carried out and different parameters of oxidative stress were determined. The main parameter was DNA stability, which was monitored in single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet) assays. This
technique is based on the determination of DNA migration in an electric field and is increasingly used to study DNA-protective effects of dietary factors.
The results of a small preliminary human intervention trial (n=8, 600 ml/P/day, 5 days) indicate that coffee consumption prevents oxidative DNA damage. In the subsequent larger controlled crossover study, a new type of instant coffee (n=29, 800 ml/P/d, 5 days) was used. As in the first trial, SCGE assays were performed and additionally also a panel of oxidative parameters (such as lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, intracellular ROS) were determined. We detected a decrease of the endogenous formation of oxidised purines and pyrimidines and decreased sensitivity towards ROS (H2O2) induced DNA damage. None of these effects reached significance, only in the case of oxidised purines (detected with a lesion specific enzyme) the reduction was significant in females. Furthermore, a significant reduction of F2-isoprostane and 3-nitrotyrosine levels was observed after coffee drinking. Elevated levels of these endpoints are indicative for increased risks of certain diseases, such
as neurological disorders and cardiovascular disease. The last article describes the results of human intervention trials, which were designed to investigate the impact of coffee intake (1L/P/d, 3-5 days) on glutathione-S-transferase activities (GSTs). The results indicate that coffee consumption leads to an increase of the isoenzym GSTP in plasma. This isoenzyme is involved in the detoxification of electrophilic metabolites of different groups of genotoxic carcinogens and possesses antioxidant properties. This observation may explain the lower sensitivity of the lymphocytes of the volunteers towards exogenous induced DNA damage by a reactive benzo(a)pyrene metabolite after coffee intake.
Overall, the results of these experiments suggest that coffee protects humans against adverse health effects caused by DNA damage. This provides a possible explanation for the results obtained in epidemiological studies indicating that coffee intake is inversely related with the incidence of diseases associated with cellular damage by reactive oxygen species and DNA instability.