Abstract (eng)
The thesis Hogarth, Goya, Greuze: Moral Social Issues and Art of the Eighteenth Century discusses how the artists, which are stated in the title, provided an observation of moral social issues present in their countries and among their people during the eighteenth century through their art. The thesis discusses how the eighteenth century Europe saw a shift in thought and culture. While people in the previous centuries based their observation about life and human nature on religions beliefs, the people of the eighteenth century began to explain life and human nature terms of science and reason. Evils in the world were no longer regarded as a creation of an invisible evil force, as was the positive no longer just a gift of God, but could be self controlled. In the light of these changes human behavior began to be more critically observed. The thesis focuses on how these observations were reflected in various art of the eighteenth century by using William Hogarth of England, Francisco Goya of Spain, and Jean-Baptist Greuze of France as examples. The three countries had different political, cultural, and social policies, so the artist of different nations naturally had different ways of presenting the observations they made about moral social issues. After providing historical and cultural backgrounds on the situation of the three mentioned countries, the thesis points out how the three artists made contribution to make the moral social issues, present in their countries, visible. Included in these issues are themes of prostitution, alcoholism, physical and sexual atrocities, ignorance of the wealthy and powerful, and issues related to marriage and family life. Hogarth had an innovative approach to art in England and the ground breaking way to portray his critical analysis of moral/immoral human behavior. Francisco Goya mastered to created, in the time of the Inquisition, very provocative and critical images to describe the moral social issues among the people and institutions of Spain. Jean-Baptist Greuze focused on the moral issues within the family while using classical forms, typical in his country at that time, to portray his ideas. Analyses of these artists’s work not only reflects on the new ideas of the eighteenth century Europe, but also, through their individuality, bring forth the character of each of their nations, as well as, their own personal stories. In conclusion it becomes clear that portrayals of social moral issues, such as those by Hogarth, Goya, and Greuze, are vital to create a full understanding of moral social issues in past and present cultures.