Abstract (eng)
In recent years Wnt-Signaling has been implicated to play an important role in the control of differentiation of mesenchymal cells to chondrocytes. A key observation has been that stabilization of β-catenin in the early limb bud mesenchyme represses differentiation of mesenchymal cells into skeletal precursors. Probably this is mediated by transcriptional repression of the transcription factor Sox9, which is a master regulator in chondrocyte differentiation.
The object of this thesis was to identify putative mediators of this Sox9 repression. Target genes of canonical Wnt signaling in limb bud development were identified and tested for their potential to repress Sox9.
To do so I used gene expression data already available. I validated 48 candidate genes suggested by the data analysis using in situ hybridisation and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. 10 genes could be confirmed as being positively regulated in the limbs of ß-catenin gain of function mice. For three of them, the transcription factors Tcf4 (Itf2), Irx5 and Fosl2 (FRA2), I cloned parts of their promoters into luciferase reporter vectors and tested their response to ß-catenin/Wnt-signaling. Furthermore I cloned their cDNAs and tested their effect on part of the Sox9 promoter in luciferase reporter assays. For Tcf4 and Irx5 I could confirm their positive response to canonical Wnt-signaling, as well as their potential to repress Sox9 in vitro.
To gain insight into the in vivo function of these genes, constructs for specific overexpression in the early limb bud mesenchyme have been generated. By the end of the thesis work one round of pronucleus injections has been carried out for the gene Tcf4, which yielded in one transgenic embryo with a strong limb phenotype. Unfortunately further analysis was not carried out due to the fact of the diploma work had ended.
In conclusion this work suggests a number of new genes as targets of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in limb development. For two of them Irx5 and Tcf4 I established a possible direct regulation by the ß-catenin/Wnt-pathway and that they have the potential to inhibit Sox9 at least in vitro. Further studies would now be necessary to examine whether they also excert a negative effect on Sox9 in vivo and to establish their potential functions during limb development.