Abstract (eng)
The diploma thesis “The Holocaust before the Holocaust. Scientific Approaches to the Destruction of the European Jewry in Anglophone Research between 1940-1960”, investigates the methods and theoretical background of early scholarly interpretations of the Holocaust. As inferred by the title, the term “Holocaust” had at the time not yet been employed to designate the genocide of European Jews. Instead it was referred to by a variety of names, indicating a low degree of institutionalization.
Contrary to expectations based on the review of secondary literature on the development of Holocaust Studies, I was able to determine several early works dealing with the Holocaust period, most of which were published in the U.S. Some of them offer an overall, Europe-wide view, whereas others focus on other particular regions or aspects. A few are relatively well-known or even established classical works, but most of these volumes have fallen into oblivion even among experts. In addition to monographs, a substantial number of articles were published in scientifically-oriented journals such as Jewish Social Studies and Yivo Annual of Jewish Social Sciences.
The analyzed publications pertain to various disciplines, reflecting the transdisciplinary character inherent to Holocaust research from the very beginning. Even when restricting the scope of the analysis to source-based works dealing directly with the genocide of European Jewry – instead of, e.g., its philosophical implications –, social sciences assume a major role. However the focal discipline in this survey is historiography. Apart from stocktaking, I examine the published works with regard to their perspective and focus, and contrast them with texts from the period of investigation, discussing general methodological or theoretical questions or suggesting specific approaches to the Holocaust research. I found the range of scientific approaches to be wider than expected, and the work rooted in a tradition of self-confident Jewish history among the most interesting as concerns a history of historiography.
Certainly, the chosen perspective greatly influences any author’s interpretation of the Holocaust and its attributed historico-philosophical role. These consequences are thus contrasted and examined extensively. Moreover, the choice of perspective is closely linked to the scientific biography and political standpoints. Hence, this paper takes into account both questions regarding the individual researcher’s personal background, academic education and institutional affiliation.