Abstract (eng)
In contrast to frictional faults and cataclasites in well consolidated and cemented sediments, lithologies with little or no diagenetic consolidation and high porosity develop deformation band type faults. Generally, deformation bands often form in well sorted fine to medium-grained sandstones before major porosity loss during diagenesis.
These deformation structures were studied at the Eastern border of the Eisenstadt Basin where deformation bands were found in Miocene calcarenites in a quarry near St. Margarethen (Eastern Austria). The Badenian Leithakalk (14-13 Ma) in the quarry mainly comprises bioclasts dominated by corallinacean debris and foraminifera.
The orientation of the deformation bands indicates E-W directed extensional kinematics which can be correlated to large scale horst and graben structures within the underlying basement and lower Miocene sedimentary rocks.
Thin section analysis of the same samples revealed a significantly lower amount of carbonatic cement within the deformation bands than in the undeformed limestone. However, cathodoluminescence depicts different types of deformation bands, on the one hand cataclastic deformation bands due to broken grains and no cementation and on the other hand disaggregation bands, due to grain rotation and translation and later cementation.
The permeability across selected deformation bands was measured with a minipermeameter. The deformation bands itself has almost zero permeability due to the decreased porosity. The permeability is reduced up to 3 magnitudes in contrast to the non-deformed rock fabric.
Three 3x3.5 cm sized drill core containing a deformation band each, were analyzed using X-ray micro-tomography with a spatial resolution of 30-40 microns. The pores outside the deformation band are 500-2000 microns in diameter, and show a well connected pore space. In contrast, the size of pores is strongly reduced within the deformation band to a maximum of 100 microns; the pores are clearly isolated and fill < 3 % of the volume, of the deformation band.
Generally, the Leithakalk shows a primary porosity of around 30 %, but within the deformation bands the porosity is reduced to ~1 %. A decrease of at least one magnitude of porosity is shown. A broader deformation band >0.5 mm will also affect a porosity reduction adjacent to the deformation band.
Due to the detailed X-Ray micro-tomography data of the porosity within and outside the deformation bands, in combination with microstructural investigations, we are able to constrain the deformation mechanisms and relative timing of deformation with respect to the cementation of the limestone.