Abstract (eng)
Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an important role in the economies of transitioning countries since they bring the necessary capital for growth and development. With capital, countries gain access to new markets, technologies and organizational and marketing expertise.
In the region of South East Europe, during the past few years, the FDI inflow is increasing. This region has become attractive for investors for many reasons: economic and political stability of the countries in the region, low productions costs, low labor costs, access to the new markets etc.
As many transition countries, Serbia has tried for a long period of time to attract FDI. After economic reforms 2001 Serbia has grown into one of the most preferred location for investment in South East Europe. Economic stability and fast growing market was the main reasons for that. In 2001 in Serbia, FDI inflow has exceeded USD 16.5 Bn, more than in past years.
The purpose of this thesis is to give an overview of the foreign direct investments in Serbia, especially in the period after the democratic changes that took place in 2000. This paper will try to explain how important FDI is, why foreign investors invest in Serbia, what are advantages Serbia has compared to other countries. The second part of this paper is related to Austrian FDI in Serbia. On the list of the top-investors in Serbia, Austria is on first place.
The paper will begin with theoretical aspects of FDI - definition and the types of FDI. Furthermore, some economic theories about FDI will be introduced. The second part of Chapter 2 is related to the important determinants, motives for such investments and finally to the benefits and costs of FDI.
Chapter 3 gives information about Serbia. The chapter starts with general information about the country; then explains the political and economic situation and the development in the past few years.
Chapter 4 presents foreign trade data between Serbia and two important trading partners, European Union and Russia. Also, separately from European Union, foreign trade data with Austria will be presented.
Chapter 5 is dealing with the process of privatization in Serbia. In this chapter data about the privatization during the period 2002 to 2009 are shown.
Chapter 6 provides legislative framework for foreign direct investments in Serbia, law on Business Company and law on foreign direct investment.
Chapter 7 deals with question how to start a business in Serbia and which position Serbia has in global ranking in starting a business.
Chapter 8 gives us reasons for investments in Serbia. It tries to explain why Serbia is the most preferred location in South East Europe for FDI. The chapter will focus on the important determinants for investments in Serbia.
Finally, chapter 9 and chapter 10 are related to foreign direct investment. Chapter 9 gives us an overview of FDI, firstly in the region of South East Europe, and secondly in Serbia since 2000. It shows statistical data about countries with the biggest investments in Serbia, data about the number of FDI in the different industries and at end of this chapter shows the leading investors.
Chapter 10 discusses Austria’s outward foreign direct investment. First, it discusses Austria’s investment performance in South East Europe and then follows FDI in Serbia. Statistical data demonstrate that more than 280 Austrian firms have chosen Serbia for their businesses. But in this thesis only companies with the largest investments will be considered. Two major investments in the past few years are investments of Mobilkom Austria in sector of telecommunication (Greenfield investment) and OMV AG in energy sector. This chapter will mainly focus on the benefits resulting from Mobilkom’s and OMV’s entrance considering employment, future development and the enlargement of supply. The discussion is based on the annual reports of the companies.
Finally, personal comments and a conclusion will be given in the chapter 11.