Abstract (eng)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells, which can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes and have immunosuppressive features. Recently, we identified different MSC subsets in human dermis, which express several markers known to be expressed by bone marrow-derived (BM-)MSCs. We localized these cell types via immunofluorescence staining of human skin cryosections. Further, we identified a preferential perivascular distribution of CD271+ cells, frequently coexpressing collagen type-IV. To investigate the immunosuppressive capacities of plastic-adherent dermal cells and dermal MSC subsets (CD73+/-, CD90+/-, CD271+/-), we cocultured these cells and, as a control, BM-MSCs, which all lack CD80/86-expression, with anti-CD3 or anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated total T cells or naive CD25- helper T (Th). Using flow cytometry, T cell proliferation and a potential induction of regulatory T cells was visualized via carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution and counterstaining of FoxP3, respectively. We found a suppression of T cell proliferation and an increase of FoxP3-expressing T cells when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs. Surprisingly, stimulation with anti-CD3 alone increased FoxP3 expression significantly. Furthermore, we found that CD90+ dermal cells induced more FoxP3 than CD90- cells and more FoxP3-expressing Th cells upon coculture with CD271- cells. In summary, we uncovered a close association of non-follicular dermal MSCs with skin vasculature, suggesting their homing in a perivascular niche. Together with the functional data, our findings suggest a crucial role for dermal MSCs to maintain cutaneous immune homeostasis.