Abstract (eng)
Within the last ten years the idea of subjectification has become a main concept in
German-speaking industrial sociology. It is used to describe a multitude of transforma-
tions in labour society. On the one hand this applies to demands to workers on a subjec-
tive level, e.g. a raised level of self-control and self-rationalisation. On the other it is
used to explain the changes in the field of work-related expectations such as possibili-
ties for employee participation or more autonomy.
Looking at given explanations for these phenomena, one can often find but little
theoretical references. This thesis aims to close this blank position by analysing three
different socio-scientific approaches and their respective concepts of subjectification.
To look at their potential for a more profound substantiation of the theoretical basis and
to help positioning the diagnosis itself within sociological theory, the following ap-
proaches were chosen: the works of Michel Foucault and the governmentality studies
(GS), the works of the Regulation School (RS), as well as Luc Boltanski and Ève Chia-
pello’s New Spirit of Capitalism (B/C). This thesis elaborates on these theories’ basic
arguments and compares them regarding questions of form and substance.
It will be shown that all three theories assume that there is an immanent logic in the
development of modern capitalism. Namely they speak of its capacity to absorb resis-
tance and criticism, thus increasing its productivity (RS) or its legitimacy (B/C). Differ-
ences can e.g. be found in the theories’ ideas of practice and responsibilities of sociol-
ogy as a critical science. None of them is fully applicable to criticise capitalism or soci-
ety itself and each of them is based on a different view on criticism. Sociological cri-
tique is thus either seen as a strategy for de-naturalisation (GS), as a critical theory of
society (RS), or as sociology of criticism (B/C).
Also the view on subjectification differs from theory to theory: The GS considers it
to be a collection of (mostly neo-liberal) practices, enabling the individual person to
assume a specific form – currently the “entrepreneurial self”. The RS takes the view
that subjectification of labour organisation is the product of macro-economical changes
as well as the institutionalisation of different forms of regulation. Finally, B/C explains
the increase of subjecificated relations as an effect of how anti-capitalist criticism of the
1960ies and 70ies was internalised by modern capitalism. Foucault sees the technolo-
gies of subjectification as intrinsic element of modern society and its development,
while RS and B/C view them as contingent. To the question of why subjectification
were chosen over other technologies to increase productivity, RS offers no answer,
while B/C explain this with the existence of the common agents’ socio-historically
based motives for criticism.