Abstract (eng)
This dissertation analyses the development and changes in the performing arts degree of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and, following reunification, in the subsequent newly formed states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Through use of the example of the Ernst Busch College of Performing Arts, Berlin (Hochschule für Schauspielkunst, HFS), this thesis will explore the influence of the German reunification on the performing arts establishment. The researched time period stretches from 1981 to 1993.
The focus of this thesis follows the performing arts student on their path to becoming a fully qualified Actor by way of their personal development, as well as the required accompanying technical resources at their disposal.
The main body of this work consists of five chapters. The first chapter will examine the structures of the cultural policies in place and their impact on society in the GDR. The second chapter will analyse the political and social functions of theatre in the GDR, specifically with respect to the reunification’s significance in shaping its status in the new states. The third chapter will document the history of the HFS, observing to what extent the Socialist Unity Party (SED) ideology influenced the study of dramatic arts. The fourth chapter will highlight the structure of the degree in dramatic arts at the HFS, in which the focus will be on the influence of the post reunification Berlin Higher Education Act and the new economic market situation of the acting profession. The theories and methods used in teaching performing arts at the HFS are explored in the fifth chapter, together with an examination of the influence of the reunification on these.
The thesis will conclude that politics will have exerted an enormous influence on the society of the GDR. Although open criticism towards the political system was not tolerated, there were groups that managed to oppose obstacles such as this with whatever means they had available to them. There have always been subtle, rebellious tendencies observed in theatre. In the theatres of the GDR, a secret code was developed in some areas that allowed subtle communication of that which could not be said openly.
The social pressure, experienced in the GDR society in general, was also felt within the HFS. In the course of the German reunification, the entire social system of the GDR was replaced by the liberal approach of the Federal Republic of Germany. The resulting increased demands of the theatre and entertainment markets on the actor’s individuality and personality lead the school to adapt its traditional methodological technical training to that of market demands. The former common methodological approach, once followed by professors and lecturers, gave way to an increasingly more pluralistic curriculum. The ensemble idear, the center point of theory and method of the HFS, now runs the risk of losing importance.