Abstract (eng)
The doctoral thesis at hand focuses on the life and work of the Tyrolean peasant doctor Anton Auer (1840-1881), alias Gerharter or Gerhartler, by elaborating on the hand written passed on collection of recipes for the treatment of various illnesses with particular comparison to Georg Friedrich Most´s Encyklopädie der Volksmedicin. In particular, explicit emphasis is put on the ethno-botanical, ethno-pharmacological and ethno-pharmacognostical context of the comprehensive recipe collection.
In chapter 1 the general concept of disease is introduced taking into consideration genetic condition, unhealthy diet and inconsiderate lifestyle, bearing in mind that suitable cures were only very limited in that decade. The people must restrict themselves to the healing effects of mineral, plant and animal substances occurring in nature, sometimes even including live animals. With regard to the theme for this doctoral dissertation, in particular the various natural medicines as well as the recordings on the gnarled Tyrolean peasant doctor, the compilation access was chosen using the literature available.
The reprocessing and interpretation of the literature in chapter 2 includes the deliberations of the authors with discussion and literary criticism on the themes of the factual works, at the same time on the medical provision and execution of traditional medicine in rural Tyrol of the 18th and 19th century taking into consideration the doctrine of signatures, blood-letting, uroscopy as well as the Tyrolean peasant doctors, including the works on the theme of traditional healing methods and medicines as well as the Encyklopädie der Volksmedicin.
Chapter 3 includes a discourse on medical welfare and the Tyrolean peasant doctors subsuming accordingly the traditional medicine, medical care of the Tyrolean population at the given period of time, a deliberation on the pathology of the four humors and solids, discipline of signatures, sympathetic magic and sympathetic medicine, the position of the moon, the explanations on the blood-letting, uroscopy as well as an essay on the life and work of Anton Auer alias Gerharter or Gerhartler.
Chapter 4, as the main part, is devoted to the detailed description on healing effects and traditional medical applications of globally dispersed medicines from the recipe collection of Anton Auer in particular comparison to Friedrich Most´s Encyklopädie der Volksmedicin. The concentric interpretation of the passed on recipe collection for the treatment of various illnesses dating from the year 1927 is carried out systematically from item 1 to 59 via the human area to the plants used, their fruits and their products, minerals and trace elements, animals, animal products as well as products from various natural mineral, herbal, animal or even artificially produced substances. The sophisticated discourse of each item is continuously carried out according to the pattern - botanical name - common name - family - history - description - blooming period - occurrence / site - propagation (origin) - parts to be gathered - gathering period - gathering prescription - ingredients / healing agents / drug - application / curative plant parts / used parts - curative effect - side effects (unwanted effects) - special recipes - application in the fold medicine - application in the veterinary medicine.
Chapter 5 includes the summary and the conclusion. The purpose of today's traditional medicine is not based on a competition to the conventional medicine. Without doubt it is the purpose of modern medicine to guarantee conventional medical means to restore the health of patients with grave and life-threatening illnesses by means of surgery, pharmacy as well as radiation therapy. However, a complementary symbiosis of conventional medical knowledge and experience in traditional medicine should be the basis for the optimal therapy. In the end it cannot be confirmed that Auer adopted knowledge from Most's work reproducing it in his own recipe collection.