Abstract (eng)
If a language is seen rather as a process than as a state, the fact that new words constantly enter a language is not surprising at all. These new words enter the language by many different ways, such as borrowing (taking words from another language), or by creating new words, for instance, by affixation (creating new words by adding suffixes or prefixes), by derivation without affixation (creating new words by conversion), or by compounding (creating new words by putting two words together). All these processes can be comprised by one, more general term, namely the process of word-formation. Even though it may seem as a straightforward division of different processes in word-formation, it becomes clear soon that many of them overlap or do not fit into any of the categories proposed by linguists, as it is the case with neoclassical compounds (e.g. radioactivity, biochemistry, etc.). However, it is not only neoclassical compounds that cause problems when it comes to word-formation processes, but there are also other types of compounds whose structure is not clearly definable and thus need a comprehensive discussion. Thus, an attempt to describe and compare different types of compounds will be ,made, with special focus on the compounds that are composed of two nouns, such as rattle snake, can opener, etc. Additionally, not only compounds from English are going to be taken into account, but also compounds from a typologically quite different language, namely Serbian. As it will become clear in the course of the paper, there are major similarities in the definition and analysis of the compounds in both languages. However, there is a number of differences that must not be neglected and should be looked at in greater detail.
As the term word-formation already says the whole process deals with words. Thus the paper will start with the delimitation and the definition of the term word. In this chapter an attempt will be made to clarify and exemplify different approaches to this definition. It has to be pointed out that Plag’s (2003) theory will be discussed thoroughly, but also other approaches are going to be mentioned and compared with Plag’s approach. The second chapter will deal with the general remarks on word-formation processes in English as well as in Serbian, while special attention will be paid to the definition of the terms compounding and compounds in both languages. Further more, the most important features of compounds will be discussed, as well as their morphological and syntactic-semantic shape. Additionally, there will also be made a clear distinction between compounds and noun phrases. Apart from these topics, this chapter will also present a comprehensive discussion about the status of compounding in connection with the domains of morphology and syntax, because some linguists see the process of compounding rather as a part of syntax than as a part of morphology. The next two chapters take a look into the classification of noun compounds in English and Serbian. As it will become clear, most of the types that one can find in English, can also be found in Serbian. Finally, the last chapter serves to sum up the most important differences and similarities between noun compounds in both languages, thus enabling the reader to get a clear and systematic overview of different types of noun compounds in English, as well as in Serbian.