Abstract (eng)
The present doctoral thesis makes accessible the earliest extant town book of Korneub-urg (a small town of notable commercial importance in medieval Lower Austria). The respective manuscript (MS 3/159 in the Korneuburg municipal archives) was com-menced by the municipal council in the early 15th century and continuously maintained. It is entitled Geschafftpuech because its primary matters are the local citizens’ last wills and testaments, which in contemporary diction were “Geschäfte”.
The thesis makes this source accessible by offering an edition of the manuscript (in-cluding an index of names, locations, and subjects) as well as a comprehensive intro-duction and an appendix. The introduction discusses the document with respect to its position within historical research ( research into last wills and research into medieval urban history), its categorisation (town books), and preconditions of its local tradition (Korneuburg in the late Middle Ages), followed by some remarks on the manuscript itself, its techniques of record keeping and the methods applied in the edition. The ap-pendix comprises indexing of items and testators, of local officials traceable between 1300 and 1444, and of landholding (houses, wine yards).
In regional comparison and in the context of small towns, the Geschafftpuech treated here represents a comparatively early-emerging historical tradition of medieval town books. Concerning Korneuburg, eleven books of this kind are preserved in total. As products of municipal registries, these books demonstrate the late medieval beginnings of professionalism within urban administration. Due to their manifold types of content (municipal issues, as for example privileges, ordinances, matters of justice and inheri-tance, legal acts, finances) they represent the most important sources of medieval town history next to charters, particularly with respect to provincial towns, which are usually lacking written records.
In contrast to charters, the usefulness of town books results from their continuous re-cording and the serial denseness of their records. Consequently, urban environments and patterns become analysable over extensive and cohesive periods. The research focus is on urban architecture, organizational structures, and social structures, for example: building activities, municipal duties, social stratification, or social networks. Addition-ally, will books display a lot of information on kinship, household, material culture, and religiousness. Since they regulate which properties, amounts of money, and objects of value will be passed on by usually wealthy testators to a plurality of beneficiaries, they encompass a comparatively wide spectrum of urban society. That is, besides prominent urban protagonists like patricians, judges, or the chroniclers, also those social groups who hardly ever participated in literacy and thus were mentioned nowhere else in writ-ten records (children, servants, and the pauper).
Like medieval town books in general, the present one, too, was a purely functional manuscript intended for administrative use. It is due to their lack of representativeness that town books have only recently been recognized as part of a town’s ‘memory’ that was transmitted and preserved by means of writing. The manuscript displays an admit-tedly non-systematic but increasingly experienced handling of both writing and record keeping. Thus it mirrors the steadily increasing importance of writing in the late Middle Ages and the emergence of a written culture that paved the way for a differentiation of writing and organized recording in the 16th century (urban council records).