Abstract (eng)
In Italy industrial districts are known as particularly vital places of innovation, where localized knowledge spillovers and trust among district firms play a fundamental role. Even though literature on industrial districts, knowledge transfer, organizational trust, and innovation adoption exists, there is a general lack of contributions that link all these concepts. In fact, up to now only a very limited number of researchers have investigated the determinants that have an impact on the selection of knowledge transfer mechanisms. Therefore, after an extensive literature review, an online survey has been conducted, targeting exclusively at Italian district firms that operate in the fashion and textile sector. Consequently, based on the findings of 165 completed questionnaires an empirical survey has been undertaken. This work focused on the theory of knowledge transfer mechanisms, using the media richness theory. According to this theory, two types of communication media exist, namely communication channels with lower degrees of media richness (e.g., e-mail, fax, letters) or communication channels with higher degree of media richness (e.g., face-to-face dialogue, meetings). This concept has then been linked with: (1) the knowledge-based theory of companies, investigating the impact that knowledge characteristics (codifiability, teachability, complexity) have on the choice of knowledge transfer mechanisms. It has been assumed that explicit knowledge, as being less complex and highly codifiable and teachable, is transferred easier than tacit knowledge. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that the tacitness of knowledge is positively related to the choice of knowledge transfer mechanisms with higher degrees of media richness. The present study has found out that only codifiability of knowledge has a positive impact on the use of both types of knowledge transfer mechanisms. (2) the concept of trust. It has been assumed that trust (or distrust) increases the usage of knowledge transfer mechanisms with lower (or higher) degrees of information richness. Empirical examination has shown that trust impacts positively the use of both forms of knowledge transfer mechanisms. (3) the theory of innovation adopter categories identified by Rogers – the author of the book “Diffusion of innovations”. In this context, it has been analyzed whether innovator adopters (earlier and later adopters) differ in terms of sales, size, age, and trust. Hereby, it has become clear that adopter categories differ only according to company size. Furthermore, it has been assumed that later adopters, preferring personal communication, adopt more likely richer knowledge transfer mechanisms, while earlier adopters, habitually focusing on impersonal mass media, use more likely leaner knowledge transfer mechanisms. Empirical results suggest the partial rejection of these hypotheses.
To complete, it has been investigated whether the choice of knowledge transfer mechanisms on the basis of the tacitness of knowledge or on the basis of the form of innovation adoption varies when trust comes into play. In this case it has emerged that no significant interaction effects exist.