Abstract (eng)
This study in the field of sociology of emotions centres on cross-sex friendships with the main research question concerning the way men and women approach each other as friends in contemporary society. To define this particular type of personal relationship, it is crucial to investigate its border areas towards romantic couple relationships as well as towards same-sex friendships. At first, this work focuses on the existing literature which deals with that topic. Thereby, the definition of emotions will be as relevant as the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of currently or historically existing concepts of love and friendship. General conditions such as the presence of an impersonal society, individualisation, and emancipation with the included change of gender role arrangements play a significant role for the overall understanding.
An exploratory empirical study then serves as primary source for gaining insights into the subjective lifeworlds of young adults concerning their personal cross-sex friendships. Important conclusions from the interpretation of 113 questionnaires are: love and friendship today share certain concepts of meaning traditionally associated with romantic relationships (exclusivity, sexuality), although there are differences in degree of intensity. Moreover, by virtue of their higher emotional density, female friendships rather than friendships between men serve as models for cross-sex friendships. Also, the perception and meaning of such friendships differs between men and women. This latter point arises from the historical background of gender roles, especially their development in the last 40 years. Therefore the conditions under which cross-sex friendships can develop play an essential role in this work. In the course of the study it becomes increasingly clear, that a look beyond the boundaries of the micro and meso levels towards macrosocial phenomena is necessary. That’s why finally there will be stressed the interdependency of friendship with subsystems of society, such as politics, economy and religion. Through its meaning-fulfilling and identity-stabilising functions, the cross-sex friendship reflects the needs of an individualized subject in a complex, changing and self-alienated reality. In this connection, friendship in this study is perceived as an important resource– for individuals as well as for society.