Abstract (eng)
This thesis is concerned with Dmitri Shostakovichs ‚9th Symphony‘ and demonstrates that the work can be cathegorized as a war symphony. At first sight, the ‚Ninth‘ has only a few common characteristics with the artists previous war symphonies – the ‚Seventh‘ and the ‚Eighth‘ – but a more detailed investigation shows a clear approach of war symbolism in the 'Ninth' too. Shostakovich used the element of the grotesque to communicate a pretended cheerful mood but at the same time considerable confusion. The role of the ‚Gottesnarr‘ helped the composer, to mediate confidential messages in difficult political times. Therefore, Shostakovich reaches the status of the incontestability in the political sovjet state.
The introductory chapter deals with the cultural and educational policy from Lenin to Stalin and is the attempt of a summary, to light up the life and creating environment of Shostakovich and other soviet artists at this time. It is not an entire and complete representation of the soviet cultural politics of 1917-1948.
No other composer in the 20th century was subject to so many contradictions as Shostakovich. Up to his first conviction in 1936, he was celebrated as national hero.
The musical conversion of the time-historical soviet chronicle was not a problem for him. With his compositional refinement, he provided artistic sensations over and over again.
But the prawda-campaign in 1936 and the central committee decision of 1948 made it increasingly clear to him how it is to be condemned as a public enemy. As a concequence the majority of his work, praised during the years before, was now exiled from the public music life. Although in the following years, the situation calmed down, Shostakovich lived constantly in fear of new humilitations. His entry into the communist party in 1960 did not happen voluntarily. Though, he was chosen as chairperson for the composer’s association, he carried now a far heavier responsibility for the soviet music than before.
There are only few artists who were politically and culturally as active as Shostakovich. The performance of his work always depended on the respective political situations. At times of war, cultural offerings formend an important part of the society, additionaly the artists had much more creative freedoms than in times of peace.