Abstract (eng)
The rising prevalence of dementia cases demands a better understanding about the disease. Nutritional imbalance may play a role in the pathology of dementia, through oxidative stress and inflammation, giving a hope that a modulation of nutritional factors may prevent or delay the onset of dementia. Antioxidant compounds, B-vitamins, n-3 fatty acids, low caloric and low glycemic index carbohydrates diets, have been investigated concerning their involvement in the pathology of dementia with contradicting results. However, if implemented early in life, a healthy diet may present a potential preventive approach against dementia.
Observational studies show that feeding problems in dementia are common. Over time, the ability to eat orally decline in the elderly with dementia, and family members start to consider the utilization of artificial nutrition and hydration. From a medical point of view, tube feeding is ineffective prolonging life, avoiding malnutrition, healing pressure ulcers and avoiding the risk of aspiration. Benefits are likely to be perceived, clinging to the notion that adequate nutrient intake would improve the health condition. Severe weight loss perhaps indicates the terminal stage of the disease, thus weight loss could not be prevented even with invasive nutritional intervention such as tube feeding.
Decision-making is often difficult and loaded with emotional, ethical and legal issues. Considering the terminal nature of the disease, a reasonable care treatment will be to preserve the quality of life through comfort feeding and continued interactions. To support this, incentives in the health care system need to be adjusted.