Abstract (eng)
The present thesis deals with crucial management processes in the multi-level system of the Austrian school system involved in the introduction of the new school type called “Neue Mittelschule” (“new middle school”). This new type of school for the first secondary stage (Sekundarstufe I) is being tested since 2008/2009 and is to be adopted into the regular school system step by step starting in 2012/13, to replace the school type “Hauptschule”. All input (in the sense of requirements) for this new type of school are defined and managed centrally on the Austrian federal level, where it is also (publicly) connected to expectations. Thus, these expectations – which are partly social policy, partly educational policy – which the “Neue Mittelschule” is supposed to meet, are also defined and managed on the federal level.
The subject of the thesis thus includes both input and expectations, as well as their connections. The thesis first shows, drawing on the results of document analyses, how input and expectations for the “Neue Mittelschule” were subject to transformations from the federal level (“Bund”) to the province level (“Land”, in this case study the “Bundesland Niederösterreich”).
As the second step, the expectations tied to the input for the “Neue Mittelschule” and the Lower Austrian variant “Niederösterreichische Mittelschule” were extensively compiled by means of qualitative interviews with key experts on the federal and province level and then analysed. As the third step, the school or implementation level was investigated by means of quantitative content analysis of the locally developed concepts (“Schulprogramme” or “Standortbezogene Konzepte”), investigating both input and expectations. The aim was to determine whether and how the lowest hierarchical level of the Austrian school system dealt with the input as well as whether and how it picks up or shares the expectations tied to this input by the hierarchically superordinate levels.
The underlying process in which various actors act on directives in a multi-level system, in which each has a different frame of reference, is treated and traced here as a process of recontextualisation. Acknowledging the transformations of both input and expectations caused in the process of recontextualisation, one has to ask whether and how that which is planned “at the top” reaches “the bottom”, i.e. the schools’ localised concepts.
Beyond the above and with a view to the impending adaptation of the “Neue Mittelschule” into the regular school system, the present thesis also aims to critically examine whether and how the various input and expectations at the different management levels match in terms of their didactic orientation. This complementary analysis by means of the Didactic Triangle aims to show whether there is reason to hope that the input, which the schools had to (and did) follow in their localised concepts, when implemented, can in fact automatically meet the expectations tied to that input.