Abstract (eng)
According to written records, the castle of Grafendorf in Stockerau, Lower Austria, may have been founded by vassals of the counts of Vornbach. From the early 14th century on, the castle was the seat of different local families of landed gentry, yet around 1500 it came into the possession of Habsburg favourites with supraregional importance.
The finds of the archaeological excavations, performed between 2002 and 2003, revealed the complex development of the castle over several phases. The vast majority of the finds dates into the 15th and early 16th century. Only settlement layers detected beneath the rampart contained ceramic sherds dating between the 11th and 13th century. The chronological discrepancy between historical and archaeological sources may hint at a predecessor castle. However, this could not be traced in the course of the excavations.
Entirely consistent with written records, some finds display a high social status as well as close connections to the Habsburg imperial family. Among those are a ceramic mould –decorated with the coats of arms of Habsburg countries – for creating festive confectionary, or a tile with the Austrian coat of arms. Moreover, further finds reveal a differentiated picture of the aristocratic way of living in a late medieval castle. For example, in Grafendorf sophisticated personal belongings and household items line up with evidence of several handicraft activities. Additionally some special finds deserve mention, like for instance an equatorial sundial, a little castle model of ceramic, probably used in an altar or nativity scene, a lead weight or a copper alloy spatula, which perhaps served as a medical instrument.
While the archives are silent as to the exact date or reason of the castle´s abandonment, the quantity and quality of the archaeological finds, especially fragments of a Gothic plate armour, indicate a violent end. Thanks to its ramparts equipped with early forms of bastions, the castle of Grafendorf is a remarkable example of how a late medieval valley castle was adapted to meet the defensive challenges presented by the rise of heavy firearms.