Abstract (eng)
Because cosmic rays (CRs) represent a main heating process in the interstellar medium (ISM), interactions of high-energetic, charged particles with the ISM should be considered in all wind simulations. Especially the topic of galactic wind simulations will benefit from an implementation of CR particle conservation equations (Fokker-Planck-equation).
This theses gives an overview about the different types of acceleration processes of charged particles, with a main focus on first order Fermi-Acceleration. It will be shown that it is possible to accelerate particles to the highest energies discovered, with the use of shock acceleration only. In doing so, the argument of the different slopes in the range of the "knee" and the "ankle" of the CR particle spectrum will also be discussed. Furthermore, a galactic wind model, which considers the physics of CR particles (Fokker-Planck-equation), on the conception of a model for galactic wind simulations (GAWI) based on older simulations, will be created. This model is based on an implicit code, which makes it possible to explain the expansion of galactic winds in consideration of the so called flux-tube geometry, with the use of relatively large timesteps. In comparison to older models it is important, that CR-pressure and CR-energy have not been computed explicitly from the CR-conservation equation. Therefore it has not been possible to obtain the CR-adiabatic index directly from CR-equations. Remarkable results have been generated, especially in relation to test calculations. These test calculations, with the assumption of CRs behaving as test particles (no coupling of hydrodynamics with CR-equations), have been conducted to prove the reliability of the numerical method, because the obtained results can then be compared with the analytic solution. Moreover, it will be tested using different initial models, which have a strong dependence on the accuracy of simulations. The second part of simulations will be held in a "physically correct" (coupling between hydrodynamics and CR-conservation) state, which correspond thoroughly with results from earlier simulations. As the CR-values in these models are only given as an approximation, the results from the actual model also represent a test of the numerical method. In conclusion, a prospect on further possibilities, due to the use of the Fokker-Planck-equation, will be shown. For example, with introducing spherical geometry, it would be possible to develop more detailed information about the evolution of stellar winds and supernova remnants (SNR). Furthermore, with introducing synchrotron losses in the Fokker-Planck equation, it will be possible to investigate the behavior of electrons (and especially synchrotron-radiation) within that model as well.