Abstract (eng)
This thesis is concerned with mathematical models for gravity water waves. I discuss applications of the full nonlinear governing equations for water waves with vorticity to tsunami-wave phenomena, and present a model describing the state of the sea in coastal regions in the absence of waves, the so-called background flow field, governed by the Euler equations. Applying methods of dynamical systems, I prove existence of radially symmetric C^2-solutions with compact support for a given family of vorticity distributions. These solutions correspond to isolated regions of non-zero vorticity beneath the flat free surface, outside of which the water is at rest in the absence of waves.
Furthermore, I study a nonlinear dispersive equation for surface waves of moderate amplitude in the shallow water regime, which arises as an approximation of the Euler equations. I prove existence of solitary traveling waves, and present a qualitative description of the wave profile, showing that it has a unique maximum and is symmetric with respect to the crest. A generalisation of this result is obtained when one allows that solitary waves decay to an arbitrary constant far out. Expressing the equation as a Hamiltonian system, we explicitly determine bounded orbits in the phase plane, which correspond to solitary and periodic traveling waves of elevation and depression. Moreover, we provide a detailed description of how the wave amplitude changes with speed. This approach is applicable to a wider class of nonlinear dispersive evolution equations, including the well-known Camassa-Holm equation.