Abstract (eng)
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, depending on structural and functional changes in neuronal networks. Therefore, age-related changes have become an essential factor in the research of learning, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases. The formation and alteration of individual synapses is of essential importance in functional neuronal circuits. Perturbations in the connectivity between cells can have a great effect on processes such as learning and memory formation. Cellular aging has been shown to be both genetically programmed and dependent on damage accumulation, leading to dysfunctions in multiple cellular processes. In neurons, this can result in changes in synapse formation and maintenance. The formation and later the morphogenesis of individual synapses critically depend on the local translation of RNA transcripts. This process depends on the correct function of various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), involved in RNA- transport, silencing, etc. Here, we propose that age-related changes and damage in various cellular components can lead to perturbations in the function and subcellular localization of such RBPs, and thereby affect synaptic plasticity and consequently can cause neuronal diseases.
In this project, I used primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons held in long-term cell culture to investigate possible age-dependent changes in the cellular distribution of a number of essential RBPs. I applied standard methods of immunocytochemistry and epifluorescence microscopy to label and document the cellular pattern for selected proteins in differentially aged cells.
My experiments revealed an age-dependent change in the distribution of processing bodies (P-bodies). They suggest that large P-bodies in the soma close to the nucleus appear to disassociate or reduce in size during aging. Furthermore, dendritic P-bodies localize to synaptic sites in greater number in aged cells. Their role in RNA degradation and translational control is vital for cellular metabolism, suggesting age-dependent changes in the localization of P-bodies to result in significant alterations in the local translational regulation of synaptic proteins.
Furthermore, a small portion of RBPs were found to undergo changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and displayed an increased localization to distal sections of dendrites during aging. Changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling can affect specific signaling cascades in the nucleus, resulting in altered gene expression. The increased dendritic localization of specific RBPs may be a response to age-dependent synaptic alterations or a side effect of aging. Taken together, this thesis presents age-related changes in the localization of essential RBPs, highlighting the important role of these proteins not only in neurons but also in neuronal aging. Furthermore, my data provide a foundation for further studies addressing the involvement of RBPs in the cellular aging process.