Abstract (eng)
Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 20 species from 10 Saxifragaceae genera were studied using LM, SEM and TEM. The pollen grains are isopolar and in dry condition prolate with infolded apertures that lead to the lobate equatorial outline. The pollen grains range from small to medium size. Lipids are accumulated as reserves within the pollen grain. Pollen is shed in the two cellular condition. All taxa have pollenkitt, produced by a secretory tapetum.
Saxifragaceae pollen grains are 3-colpate or 3-colporate. All investigated species of the Heuchera Clade show a smooth aperture membrane. In all other species within the genus Saxifraga the aperture membrane is ornamented.
According the ornamentation within the genus Saxifraga striate is common. Nevertheless it is highly variable and ranges from perforate to rugulate and microgemmate. The fine ornamentation is either microgemmate, microechinate or perforate. In contrary species of the Heuchera Clade ornamentation ranges from microreticulate, perforate to regulate. If present the fine ornamentation is perforate.
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All investigated species have Ubisch-bodies, which are small and spherical within the Heuchera Clade, whereas within the species of Saxifraga two morphological different types exist (small spherical and huge elongated).
With two exceptions (Saxifraga scardica and S. aizoides), the pollen wall shows the classical wall stratification: an eutectate tectum, columellate infratectum, continuous footlayer, a continuous compact endexine and an intine. The endexine is usually very well developed and even visible without KMnO4 staining, with a spongy-like pattern in the apertural region. In Saxifraga scardica and S. aizoides additional an internal tectum is found.