Abstract (eng)
Theories from evolutionary psychology predict that natural and sexual selection act on sex-typed cognitive abilities and social behavior. Triver's theory of Asymmetrical Investment (1972), Haselton and Buss' Error Management Theory (2000), as well as contemporary studies in this field, suggest reproductive strategies characteristic of women to (among others) entail the avoidance of high-risk situations during the vulnerable time of high fertility. Moreover, women show increased social attention and openness, excel in cognitive tasks favoring women, and report greater sexual motivation and desire. Investigating the processing of reproductively relevant information, aids the comprehension of sex-typed cognition and thus behavior. Knowledge is structured by organizing patterns reflecting concept relationships. Thinking in categories spares the effort of complex thinking. A previous study on this topic investigated fluctuations of associative thinking throughout the menstrual cycle (Haslinger, 2000), using Geer and Bellard's (1996) word-list of three categories 'sex', 'romance' and 'neutral'. However, the sample size was unevenly distributed and the hormone samples were partly inconclusive. 113 female students of the current study were asked to complete a test on word associations, rating 240 perceived similarities between 16 words of the categories 'romance', 'neutral', 'sex' and 'risk'. Women were predicted to perceive greater similarities between the categories 'sex' and 'risk', as well as 'sex' and 'romance', when fertile in their cycles. Women in committed relationships were predicted to associate less between 'sex' and 'risk', as the romantic component is satisfied. The test on word association was documented with a Python software programmed by Prof. Dr. Grammer and analyzed with the Pathfinder method (Schvaneveldt, 1990). Computed networks are models derived from proximity data, communicating the rated similarities between word pairs. Contrary to the predictions, associative thinking did not vary across the menstrual cycle. The data suggests a bottom- and ceiling-effect, obscuring possible differences in associations. Nonetheless, specific trends became apparent, showing women with heightened desire to associate closely between sex- and risk words. Determined and attentive mood of women with high conception probabilities was positively correlated with sex- and risk similarity, and extraversion with romance- and risk words. Mood, personality and socio-sexuality pose as important influences on associative thinking and should be included in future studies on fluctuations in knowledge organization.