Abstract (eng)
he aim of this PhD research is to identify the cause of deglaciation of Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth events (Sturtian: 750 Ma, Marinoan: 635 Ma. The research area is located in the Otavi Group, NW-Namibia. The samples were collected by F. Popp in 2009, from postglacial transition layers (at boundary of glacial diamictite and postglacial cap carbonate), from 3 Sturtian (Copper Mine, Sesfontain-Opuwo, Steilrandberge), and 7 Marinoan (Fransfontain, Bethanis, Tweelingskop, Naraachamspos, Entrance to the South Valley, Khowarib Valley, Warmquelle) outcrops.
Chapter 2 presents microbial record in Sturtian (750 Ma) oolithic grainstone (basal Rasthof Fm.) from Copper Mine studying by mineral spectroscopic methods and back-scattered electron imaging. Chapter 3 presents synsedimentary microbial layering of neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria and cyanobacteria from the boundary of Sturtian Chuos and Rasthof Fm. (Sesfontain-Opuwo and Steilrandberge outcrops). Chapter 4 presents the search for extraterrestrial signatures to test if a meteorite impact triggered deglaciation of Sturtian and Marinoan Snowball Earth. Chapter 5 emphasizes Zn, C, and O isotopic study of Marinoan postglacial transition layers and the C2a profile from Naraachamspos. Chapter 6 describes microbial activity in Marinoan postglacial transition layer and basal cap carbonates. The biomats of iron oxidizing bacteria are classified by nutrient source 1) hydrothermal vents (synsedimentary microbial layers), 2) bioweathering of iron-bearing minerals, like pyrite, chlorite, 3) microbial coating on clasts (short-term nutrient source or transient suboxic condition).
Chapter 7 gives a paleoenvironmental reconstruction of deglaciation of Cryogenic Snowball Earth events, including secondary processes, like weathering and diagenesis. The minor role of detrital minerals, the major presence of authigenic phases dismisses fluvial input from continents, which supports a hard Snowball Earth (completely frozen oceans without detrital input). The geochemical signatures and presence of iron-oxidizing bacteria suggests suboxic, brackish, shallow water environment.
The thesis includes two appendices, which contain mineralogy (I) and geochemistry (II) data tables.