Abstract (eng)
El Salvador´s youth gangs, the maras, employ similar strategies as the state to classify, communicate and control territory. These processes, which are summarised in the concept of territoriality, previously have only been ascribed to the state. Interpreting the maras´ territoriality in the context of state policies highlights the understudied role of non state actors´ power to impose their identity on urban space. By analysing the nexus between territorial control and power in the urban neighbourhoods, the gated communities in San Salvador, the prison or the tattoos of the body, it reveals that neither the state nor the maras can claim exclusive control over the examined areas. Thus, it is argued that the processes of territorial acquisition and control need be regarded as dialectical in which both, the state and the maras, contest the finite urban-, body- or prison space. Both actors marginalize ‘the other’ to enforce territorial rule respectively. These struggles pose challenges to a peaceful cohabitation in the former civil war- torn country.
Moreover, the still prevailing state centrism in the literature on theories of space, territory or territoriality is criticised since it neglects the maras´ potential to impose their identity on former state territory. Only if the gangs´ strategies to expand their territorial control are understood and respected in academia or by policy makers in the country, a more comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of the maras will be possible. The reader is thus invited to critically reflect upon one- sided accounts of the state as sole actor of territoriality.