Abstract (eng)
For centuries, Church and Art have been fruitfully connected, but within the twentieth century this relation appears to have been increasingly disturbed and occasionally even severed. Within four separate topic areas, this thesis attempts to examine the relationship between the Catholic Church and Art during the later twentieth century, thereby wishing to prove – using examples from the Archdiocese of Vienna – that even the current relationship between these two ‘institutions’ is still as manifold as conflict-laden. The first chapter deals with general positions and developmental tendencies of the church as commissioner and a novel self-perception of art which increasingly emphasized its autonomy from the nineteenth century onwards. The noticeable building activity within the Archdiocese of Vienna after World War II hereby provided a rich field of activity for many artists. The elaborate decoration of church interiors hereby not only reflected formal preferences of their respective time, but also had to correspond to liturgical expectations and necessities. Hence this thesis also briefly treats the liturgical movements and reforms of the Second Vaticanum and their impact upon the design of church interiors. The Archdiocese of Vienna noticeably developed a so-called ‘Viennese Model’ which has been regulating any restructuring procedures since 2000. Based upon several singular examples, this thesis highlights how the archbishopric of Vienna dealt with crucial issues of sanctuary restructuring, thereby providing the first comprehensive documentation of such modifications within the Viennese Archdiocese. Moreover, the relationship of church and art is examined within further topic areas: The difficulty of pictorial depictions within Christian sanctuaries throughout the second half of the twentieth century will be examined on the basis of several examples from the Archdiocese of Vienna. The final topical chapter deals with the temporary affixing and installation of modern art within the archdiocese’s church interiors. In conclusion, these analysed examples prove that the current relationship between Church and Art is still eclectic and in most cases immensely fruitful.