Abstract (eng)
In order to generate knowledge and operation instructions for policy-makers in the field of international politics, political scientists formulate theories of international relations. With the goal of mediating exisiting and preventing future trouble spots, the causes and progress of interstate conflicts are analysed.
In the past as well as in the shadow of changing conditions in the international system, mainstream theories of international relations proofed to be deficient regarding to several aspects, which might be caused by a negligence of the level of individuals and the according variables that have been neglected in the common analyses of international relations.
Especially, keeping in mind that every political action can be traced back to decisions of human beings, it is reasonable to take these additional variables into account.
Based on this, the present work aims to criticize the system-oriented mainstream theories of international relations from the research perspective of, so called, „Political Psychology“. The inability of explaining the possibility of misperceptions, the fact that some political leaders decide to endow their states with nuclear weapons and others do not, and the risk propensity as an intervening variable for the escalation of conflicts will be illustrated using the case of India and Pakistan.
Some new explanations can be revealed by the application of psychological approaches like the concept of „integrative complexity“, the „national identity conception“ and the „prospect theory“: The correlation between the grade of integrative complexity in the information processing of political decision-makers and the conflict behaviour of the two antagonists is shown as well as the fact that India decided to go nuclear is not a result of the international system’s structure but a logical consequence of the national identity conception formulated by Indian political decision-makers. The fact, that an individual‘s behaviour depends on the fact if it represents its situation in terms of losses or gains provides an explanation why India and Pakistan show willingness to take the risk to go to war over and over again. This example demonstrates that psychological variables must be considered in the analysis, if we want to explain observable phenomena in the world of International politics.