Abstract (eng)
In hydrocarbon reservoirs, naturally fractured rocks can occur and influence the porosity and
permeability characteristics significantly. When focussing on small samples (i.e. cores and plugs) from
such reservoirs, there are several drawbacks on methods commonly applied (such as laboratory
porosity and permeability tests, and thin section analysis). For example, methods may not provide
enough detail, only 2D information and/or only bulk information. In an effort to overcome these
drawbacks, this thesis investigates the use of 3D X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) on plug
samples of fractured dolomite from the pre-Neogene basement of the Vienna Basin (Austria). μCT is
a non-destructive technique, and allows imaging the internal structure of the rock samples in 3D. This
image data is processed using a Hessian based filtering technique to extract the fracture network
from the data, and from this parameters such as porosity, aperture and fracture orientation in the
sample can be determined.
The 3D μCT data were complemented and benchmarked with a range of other analytical techniques.
Thin sections imaged in 2D by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Back-Scattered Electrons
(BSE) contrast provide a more detailed view of the rocks’ microstructure and mineral content.
Furthermore, serial slicing by Focussed Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) gives a
very detailed view in 3D, and can be useful in assessing microporosity. Finally, permeability
measurements under increasing confining pressure provide a better link to the possible behaviour of
the rocks in more realistic reservoir in-situ conditions.
In this thesis, the possibilities and limitations of the above techniques are shown, as well as the most
efficient ways of processing and combining the different sources of information. The results and
techniques can therefore be readily applied and standardised in more extensive studies on fractured
reservoir rocks.