Abstract (eng)
This thesis applies the method of forcing to the investigation of the real line, and general topological spaces.
In the first part of the thesis (joint work with M. Goldstern, J. Kellner and S. Shelah), a creature forcing construction is used to construct models of ZGC in which Aleph_1 = d = cov(N) < non(M) < non(N) < cof(N) < c.
In the second part of the thesis, we continue the investigation of topological consequenced of S. Todorcevic's PFA(S) (the fragment of the Proper Forcing Axiom consistent with keeping a fixed (coherent) Souslin tree $S$ Souslin). In particular, we show that in the generic extension by $S$, every locally countable subspace of cardinality ${<}\mathfrak{c}$ in a compact Hausdorff space is $\sigma$-discrete. This is related to Z. Szentmiklossy's investigation of S-spaces under MA, the MA-counterpart of which was extracted by Z. Balogh.