Abstract (eng)
This thesis deals with the concept of national populism analyzing the cases of Hungarian FIDESZ Party and French Front National. Based on the works of the populist theorists Canovan, Taggart, Mudde and Taguieff, it approaches the complex notion of populism. Turning to the ambivalent relationship between representative democracies and populism, it characteristically oscillates between threat and corrective. Moreover, the paper focuses on the assumption that populism is comparable in East and Western European societies since globalization provokes similar reactions and results on an economic, cultural and political dimension. The term national populism also aims towards comparability and puts emphasis on the nation as a unification of “the people” which is regarded as the ultimate legitimation of politics. In addition, national populisms thrives through the concept of the inner and outer enemy; the nation must be defended against them. Regarding the analysis of FN and FIDESZ, it clearly shows that both parties operate on a national populist profile: strong and charismatic leaders, the glorification of “the people” or an emotionally strong discourse calling on the preservation of the particular heartlands. The chapter dealing with the EU election campaign 2014 demonstrates how national populist parties function in this campaign – both parties collected the most votes; both parties took on Eurosceptic positions. For the French case, I focus on the media coverage and how the FN stages its campaign, drawing from results of a media analysis. For the Hungarian case, I conducted a qualitative expert interview with István Hegedűs. Considering this, one can understand the ambiguous relationship between democracy and populism – on the one hand, populism can provide agenda setting functions in democracies, on the other hand, it can erode basic democratic values as the equality of its citizens through excluding and simplistic positions. Due to the crisis of representative democracy and the feeling of insecurity of its citizens, populist parties seem to be on the rise.