Abstract (eng)
The first large part of this diploma thesis deals in detail with the views of the three Abrahamitic religions – namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam – on classic issues of medical ethics, such as different aspects of family planning, contraception, and termination of pregnancy. Taking a close look at the status of the embryo and on the question when human life is supposed to begin according to each of the afore-mentioned religions, is of the utmost importance in this section. Subsequently, more modern issues of medical ethics at the beginning of life are dealt with, namely prenatal diagnostics, reproductive medicine, including in-vitro fertilization, sperm donation, egg donation, and surrogate motherhood, as well as preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Embryonic stem cell research and human cloning are mentioned.
Secondary literature, official statements of the Christian churches, responsa by Rabbinic authorities, passages from the Torah, the Mishnah, and the Talmud, Fatāwā by Islamic legal scholars, surahs of the Quran, and relevant Hadith were used.